Orphan CpG islands as alternative promoters
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Distal CpG islands can serve as alternative promoters to transcribe genes with silenced proximal promoters.
DNA methylation at the promoter of a gene is presumed to render it silent, yet a sizable fraction of genes with methylated proximal promoters exhibit elevated expression. Here, we show, through extensive analysis of the methylome and transcriptome in 34 tissues, that in many such cases, transcription is initiated by a distal upstream CpG island (CGI) located several kilobases away that function...
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CpG islands (CGIs) are vertebrate genomic landmarks that encompass the promoters of most genes and often lack DNA methylation. Querying their apparent importance, the number of CGIs is reported to vary widely in different species and many do not co-localise with annotated promoters. We set out to quantify the number of CGIs in mouse and human genomes using CXXC Affinity Purification plus deep s...
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The primary target for DNA methylation in mammalian genomes is cytosine in the dinucleotide CpG. High densities of CpG dinucleotides are found in CpG islands, but paradoxically CpG islands are normally in a non-methylated state. Here, we speculate why CpG islands are immune to methylation and why they are so rich in guanine and cytosine relative to the surrounding DNA. We propose that CpG islan...
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In the recent years deregulation for microRNAs expression pattern have emerged as a possible molecular factor for carcinogenesis. It has been reported that the expression of miR-9 was down-regulated in human gastric adenocarcinoma. To figure out the molecular mechanism of this down regulation, the methylation status in promoters of miR-9 family loci were compared in the human gastric adenocarci...
متن کاملCpG islands and GC content dictate nucleosome depletion in a transcription-independent manner at mammalian promoters.
One clear hallmark of mammalian promoters is the presence of CpG islands (CGIs) at more than two-thirds of genes, whereas TATA boxes are only present at a minority of promoters. Using genome-wide approaches, we show that GC content and CGIs are major promoter elements in mammalian cells, able to govern open chromatin conformation and support paused transcription. First, we define three classes ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Transcription
سال: 2017
ISSN: 2154-1264,2154-1272
DOI: 10.1080/21541264.2017.1373209